Indian horror cinema has undergone a significant transformation, evolving from simplistic ghost stories to complex narratives that explore deeper psychological fears and societal anxieties. Early Bollywood horror films, such as "Mahal" (1949), introduced audiences to haunted houses and spirits seeking revenge, often intertwined with tales of lost love and melodrama. These films set the foundation for the genre, establishing eerie atmospheres and suspenseful storytelling.
The Ramsay Brothers, a team of seven siblings, brought a shift in Hindi and Indian horror cinema during the 1970s and 1980s. While their films were often considered imitative of Hollywood monster movies, they experimented with taboo themes like incest and exploitation. This era also saw the rise of "masala" films and the introduction of VCRs, which allowed middle-class viewers to watch movies at home, leading to the proliferation of B-grade horror films.
The late 1990s and early 2000s witnessed a resurgence of horror with filmmakers like Ram Gopal Varma, Vikram Bhatt, and Ekta Kapoor reimagining the genre. Films like "Raat" (1992), "Raaz" (2002), and "Bhoot" (2003) brought new elements to Indian horror, delving into themes of betrayal and loss while relying on jump scares and reflecting societal anxieties. "Raaz" (2002) has been recognized as one of the best horror film in Bollywood history. "Bhoot" (2003) made an impact, but attempts to recreate its success through sequels often failed.
A significant turning point arrived with movies that blended horror with other genres. "Bhool Bhulaiyaa" (2007) successfully combined comedy and horror while exploring mental health. "Go Goa Gone" (2013) added a zombie element to the mix. This hybrid approach gained further momentum with films like "Stree" (2018) and "Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2" (2022), which achieved considerable success by blending fright with humor and social messages.
"Tumbbad" (2018) stands out as a visually stunning masterpiece that blends folklore with existential dread. Set against the backdrop of India's rich mythology, it explores themes of greed and mortality. The film challenged notions of fantasy-horror, offering a fresh and intriguing experience rooted in curses and boons. It received audience appreciation for its culturally specific local qualities. Shot largely in natural light under monsoon skies, the film created a moody and gloomy atmosphere, enhancing the sense of unease.
More recently, there's been a shift towards psychological horror and narratives with strong female protagonists. Films like "Pari" (2018) and "Bulbbul" (2020) showcase women taking charge against malevolent forces, moving away from the traditional trope of passive victims. These films, along with others like "Chhorii" (2021), reimagine traditional ghost stories for modern viewers, retaining their chilling essence while reflecting societal changes.
The 2025 paranormal television series "Bhay: The Gaurav Tiwari Mystery" explores the life and work of Gaurav Tiwari, a paranormal investigator. The series distinguishes itself through its use of sound, lighting, and camera work to build tension, creating a creeping dread without relying on jump scares. The show's maturity in writing and execution, combined with Karan Tacker's performance, contributes to its gripping and atmospheric nature. By grounding the series in real events, "Bhay" achieves a unique hook, inviting viewers to question the line between reality and the supernatural.
While the Indian horror genre has often been criticized for its visual effects and animation quality compared to Hollywood films, it has also shown a willingness to experiment with storytelling techniques and visual aesthetics. The recent surge in Bollywood horror can be attributed to filmmakers who dare to blend humor with urban legends, creating relatable and terrifying experiences rooted in contemporary society's fears. This evolution reflects the changing tastes of audiences and the industry's growing understanding of the genre.